Environmental Awareness

I.               Find a picture about environmental damage. Describe the picture. Work in groups to write the description.

II.             Read the Text

Environmental Degradation

Environmental degradation is the disintegration of the earth or deterioration of the environment through consumption of assets, for example, air, water and soil; the destruction of environments and the eradication of wildlife. It is characterized as any change or aggravation to nature’s turf seen to be pernicious or undesirable. Ecological effect or degradation is created by the consolidation of an effectively substantial and expanding human populace, constantly expanding monetary development or per capita fortune and the application of asset exhausting and polluting technology. It occurs when earth’s natural resources are depleted and environment is compromised in the form of extinction of species, pollution in air, water and soil, and rapid growth in population.

Environmental degradation is one of the largest threats that are being looked at in the world today. The United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction characterizes environmental degradation as the lessening of the limit of the earth to meet social and environmental destinations, and needs. Environmental degradation can happen in a number of ways. At the point when environments are wrecked or common assets are exhausted, the environment is considered to be corrupted and harmed. There are a number of different techniques that are being used to prevent this, including environmental resource protection and general protection efforts.

Environmental issues can be seen by long term ecological effects, some of which can demolish whole environments. An environment is a unique unit and incorporates all the living and non-living components that live inside it. Plants and creatures are evident parts of the environment, but it also includes the things on which they depend on, for example, streams, lakes, and soils.

Environmental surroundings get to be divided when technological advancement splits up areas of land. Some examples of this can include streets which may slice through woods or even trails which wind through prairies. While it may not sound all terrible on the surface, there are bad results. The biggest of these results are felt by particular animal and plant groups, the vast majority of which are specific for their bio-region or need a large area in order to make sure that their genetic lines are kept intact.

Causes of Environmental Degradation

Some environmental life species require substantial areas to help provide food, living space, and other different assets. These creatures are called area specific. At the point when the biome is divided, the vast patches of living space don’t exist anymore. It gets to be more troublesome for the wildlife to get the assets they need in order to survive. The environment goes on, even though the animals and plant life are not there to help sustain it properly.

1. Land Disturbance: A more basic cause of environmental degradation is land damage. Numerous weedy plant species, for example, garlic mustard, are both foreign and obtrusive. A rupture in the environmental surroundings provides for them a chance to start growing and spreading. These plants can assume control over nature, eliminating the local greenery. The result is territory with a solitary predominant plant which doesn’t give satisfactory food assets to all the environmental life. Whole environments can be destroyed because of these invasive species.

2. Pollution: Pollution, in whatever form, whether it is air, water, land or noise is harmful for the environment. Air pollution pollutes the air that we breathe which causes health issues. Water pollution degrades the quality of water that we use for drinking purposes. Land pollution results in degradation of earth’s surface as a result of human activities. Noise pollution can cause irreparable damage to our ears when exposed to continuous large sounds like honking of vehicles on a busy road or machines producing large noise in a factory or a mill.

3. Overpopulation: Rapid population growth puts strain on natural resources which results in degradation of our environment. Mortality rate has gone down due to better medical facilities which has resulted in increased lifespan. More population simple means more demand for food, clothes and shelter. You need more space to grow food and provide homes to millions of people. This results in deforestation which is another factor of environmental degradation.

4. Landfills: Landfills pollute the environment and destroy the beauty of the city. Landfills come within the city due the large amount of waste that gets generated by households, industries, factories and hospitals. Landfills pose a great risk to the health of the environment and the people who live there. Landfills produce foul smell when burned and cause huge environmental degradation.

5. Deforestation: Deforestation is the cutting down of trees to make way for more homes and industries. Rapid growth in population and urban sprawl are two of the major causes of deforestation. Apart from that, use of forest land for agriculture, animal grazing, harvest for fuel wood and logging are some of the other causes of deforestation. Deforestation contributes to global warming as decreased forest size puts carbon back into the environment.

6: Natural Causes: Things like avalanches, quakes, tidal waves, storms, and wildfires can totally crush nearby animal and plant groups to the point where they can no longer survive in those areas. This can either come to fruition through physical demolition as the result of a specific disaster, or by the long term degradation of assets by the presentation of an obtrusive foreign species to the environment. The latter frequently happens after tidal waves, when reptiles and bugs are washed ashore.

Of course, humans aren’t totally to blame for this whole thing. Earth itself causes ecological issues, as well. While environmental degradation is most normally connected with the things that people do, the truth of the matter is that the environment is always changing. With or without the effect of human exercises, a few biological systems degrade to the point where they can’t help the life that is supposed to live there.

Effects of Environmental Degradation

1. Impact on Human Health: Human health might be at the receiving end as a result of the environmental degradation. Areas exposed to toxic air pollutants can cause respiratory problems like pneumonia and asthma. Millions of people are known to have died of due to indirect effects of air pollution.

2. Loss of Biodiversity: Biodiversity is important for maintaining balance of the ecosystem in the form of combating pollution, restoring nutrients, protecting water sources and stabilizing climate. Deforestation, global warming, overpopulation and pollution are few of the major causes for loss of biodiversity.

3. Ozone Layer Depletion: Ozone layer is responsible for protecting earth from harmful ultraviolet rays. The presence of chlorofluorocarbons, hydro chlorofluorocarbons in the atmosphere is causing the ozone layer to deplete. As it will deplete, it will emit harmful radiations back to the earth.

4. Loss for Tourism Industry: The deterioration of environment can be a huge setback for tourism industry that rely on tourists for their daily livelihood. Environmental damage in the form of loss of green cover, loss of biodiversity, huge landfills, increased air and water pollution can be a big turn off for most of the tourists.

5. Economic Impact: The huge cost that a country may have to borne due to environmental degradation can have big economic impact in terms of restoration of green cover, cleaning up of landfills and protection of endangered species. The economic impact can also be in terms of loss of tourism industry.

As you can see, there are a lot of things that can have an effect on the environment. If we are not careful, we can contribute to the environmental degradation that is occurring all around the world. We can, however, take action to stop it and take care of the world that we live in by providing environmental education to the people which will help them pick familiarity with their surroundings that will enable to take care of environmental concerns thus making it more useful and protected for our children and other future generations.

Assignments:

1. Find 10 difficult words, explain the meaning in English.

2. Make sentences using the synonym.

3. Summarize the text into 10 sentences only.

II.           Write 10 sentences to warn people to protect the environment.

IV.           Present orally the description of the picture and explain the warnings.

Tugas Akhir Semester Ganjil 2018-2019

Mata Kuliah	: Bahasa Inggris 1
Kelas	: D4 PE 1 A/B, TO 1 A/B
Dikumpulkan	: Sesuai Jadwal UAS Bahasa Inggris 1

I.               Correcting the wrong sentence

Example:

a.       Nuclear technology is an advance development of atomic science. (wrong)

becomes

Nuclear technology is an advanced development of atomic science. (right)

b.      People develops nuclear technology for better living of human being. (wrong)

becomes

People develop nuclear technology for better living of human being. (right)

c.       Nuclear technology has been developed for purpose. (wrong)

becomes

Nuclear technology has been developed for purposes. (right)

You should not change the word with another word. You should pay close attention to the grammar of the sentence only.

Now, correct the sentences of the passage below. The passage is an essay. All sentences in the essay are wrong (17 mistakes). The mistake in every sentence is only one. Find the mistakes in each sentence and correct them. Rewrite the correct sentences in your answer sheet.

Some people suggest that nuclear technology had more positive than negative impacts on the world. In this essay, I will outlining both the advantages and disadvantages of nuclear technology and explain why I disagree that the benefits outweigh the drawbacks.

Looking first at the advantages, some suggested that we currently have world peace due to the threat of nuclear weapons. While it is true that mutually assured destruction prevented a war between the world’s nuclear powers, it is not the case that world peace has been achieved. There are many armed conflict in process around the world at present, and it seems unlikely that they will end any time soon. It is also claimed that nuclear power is cheap and clean energy source. I believed this is simple false. Nuclear power plants are expensive to build and operation, as is processing nuclear waste. We would much better off investing resources into energy production from renewables such as solar, wind and wave energy.

On the other hand, it is clear that disadvantages of nuclear technology are significantly – both in terms of weaponry and as a power source. For nuclear weapons, the disadvantages are obviously. Any use of them would certainly catastrophe for the nation targeted, and could lead to the annihilation of millions around the globe. Nuclear power also has massive downsides, as was see in the past at Chernobyl and more recently at Fukushima. The meltdown of a nuclear reactor, either due to a natural disaster or human error, lead to the surrounding area being radioactive for decades. The clean-up costs are huge, both economically and environmental. In conclusion, due to the serious drawbacks described above, I do not believe that the benefits of nuclear technology can reasonably claimed to outweigh the disadvantages.

II.             Arrange these sentences into a well-ordered essay.

1.      First of all, I believe that job satisfaction gives people a sense of fulfillment that no money can guarantee.

2.     It is often argued that it is more advantageous to choose a job with a high wage, even if it doesn't appeal to you at all. 

3.     For example, a lot of famous researchers made their career choices, not because of appealing wages, but because they were passionate about science.

4.     I completely disagree with this opinion and think that job satisfaction is much more important than salary.

5.      For instance, Henry Miller decided to leave his everyday job despite a good wage and ventured to become a writer. And after enduring years of ups and downs, he became one of the most famous and well-paid authors of the twentieth century.

6.     Secondly, doing what you like keeps you motivated and therefore leads to career growth.

7.      That’s why it’s more important to choose the kind of work that makes you happy than to look only at a high salary.

8.     Even if someone is earning a high salary, but feels tensed and compromises with his conscience, this person won’t enjoy his life. While pursuing one’s interests will always bring pleasure and a feeling of satisfaction.

9.     In other words, there is a strong relationship between job satisfaction and productivity. People who love their jobs can easily excel in their fields of work and achieve better results than those, who put a salary in the first place.

10. To conclude, I strongly believe that job satisfaction is more beneficial than a high salary because it makes people happy and motivated.

11.   Thus, advantages of jobs that keep you satisfied outweigh the drawback of a low salary in a long-term perspective.

LEMBAR JAWABAN TUGAS HARUS DITULIS TANGAN SECARA PERORANGAN

Routine Activities

10 differences and similarities between American and British daily routines

·       Lyndsey Reid

·       Mar. 28, 2018, 6:09 AM

How do the British compare to Americans?

·       Americans have a reputation for working longer hours than almost anyone else.

·       Surveys show that the typical American work day is 8.15 hours, compared to 7.42 for British people.

·       We analyzed the daily routines of American and British people to see how different they really are.

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The daily grind is the same for most people. We wake up, go to work, come home.

But when it comes to the intricacies of daily life, have you ever stopped to think about how your daily routine compares with others around the globe and just how much culture influences your behavior?

Business Insider took a deep dive into the daily routines of American and British people to discover just how unique our approaches to work, life, and health really are.

Here's a taste of what the average day looks like on both sides of the pond:

Americans wake up earlier than British people

A report by Sleep Cycle found that the average wake-up time in America is 7:08 a.m.

In Britain, they hit the snooze button for another 27 minutes, finally getting up at 7:35 a.m.

Most of us make time for breakfast — though what we eat differs

Your mother was right — breakfast really is the most important meal of the day. Eating a healthy breakfast has been proven to give you more energy, improve performance, and help with weight control.

According to Harry Balzar, a food industry analyst for market research firm NPD Group, around 80% of Americans eat breakfast before they leave work. In Britain, the figure is slightly higher at 83%.

In the US a study conducted by ABC News found the most popular breakfast cuisineis a bowl of cereal. Hot cereal like oatmeal came second, with bacon and eggs third.

In the UK, a consumer insight report found that a quick slice of toast is the number one option, followed by cereal, then eggs. And of course, it's usually always washed down with a cup of tea.

In the UK, commutes are longer

Even if you love your job, getting there can be a nightmare for many people.

A study by the University of the West of England found that long commutes can have an adverse effect on your wellbeing, reducing job and leisure time satisfaction, increasing strain, and worsening mental health.

Which must mean that American commuters, with an average commute time of 25.4 minutes, are slightly happier than British workers, who face a 29-minute commute each way.

In the US and the UK, 11 a.m. is the sweet spot for productivity

Peak productivity, it seems, happens at the same time during your workday, no matter where you are in the world.

A two-year global study conducted by project management software company Redbooth found that productivity among office workers worldwide is at its highest point at 11 a.m., and plummets completely after 4 p.m.

John Trougakos, an associate professor of organizational behavior at the University of Toronto in Canada, says the reason we're most productive in the morning is down to circadian rhythms, or our internal body clock, which tells our bodies when to get up, eat, and sleep throughout 24-hour cycles.

According to Trougakos, about 75% of people tend to be most mentally alert between 9 a.m and 11 a.m.

And a survey that looked into the the habits of 2,000 UK workers seems to agree with Trougakos' research, showing Tuesday morning as the most productive time for Brits.  

Perhaps it's no surprise that we get the least amount work done on a Friday, with Redbooth's survey showing a 20% drop in productivity across the globe.

Brits are more likely to take a lunch break

Most people who work in an office will, at some point, have eaten their lunch while sitting at their desk.

The "sad desk lunch" is a common occurrence in pretty much every American workplace, where it's estimated that only one in five employees eat lunch away from their desk, in spite of research that suggests taking a midday break is beneficial for productivity and creativity.  

Over in the UK workers are typically legally entitled to at least a 20-minute break away from their workstation, yet 54% of office workers admit to eating lunch in front of their computer.

A survey that looked into the most popular lunchtime food choices found that Brits regularly tuck into soup and sandwiches, while pizza is the common option in the US.

The work day is longer in the US

The average full-time employee in America puts in 8.15 hours a day, as reported in the 2016 American Time Use Survey data from the US Bureau of Labor Statistics.

The average hours of work for full-time employees in the UK is 7.42, according to a report by the UK Office for National Statistics, which looked at data from October to December 2017.  

Happy hour is more popular in the UK

A survey from the temp agency Accountemps found nearly two thirds of workers and 57% of executives think productivity is boosted when coworkers are friends with each other.

While it may not be part of your job description to spend time with your colleagues outside of the office, after-work happy hours are a great way to socialize and build relationships — and it's something that 45% of UK workers do at least once a month.

Sharing a drink with your cubicle buddy isn't quite as popular in the US, with 21% of workers going for a drink with their colleagues.

Brits hit the gym more regularly

Whether you love it or loathe it, there's no denying the health benefits of working out.

Leading an active lifestyle and exercising regularly is one of the most important things you can do for your health, and the US Center for Disease Control guidelines state that we should be aiming for 150 minutes of physical activity every week.

But fitting in regular sweat sessions seems to be tricky for us all, with just one in three Americans and 61% of Brits achieving the recommended amount of physical activity a week.

  

British people also spend more time on leisure activities, too

After a long day at the office, you've earned a bit of downtown to relax and unwind. In the UK, Brits manage to carve out an average of 5.49 hours a day to spend on leisure activities, including watching TV, socializing, sports and hobbies. Americans spend 5.13 hours per day on leisure.

Across the board, the most popular way to relax is by sitting down to enjoy some TV.  The US Bureau of Labor Statistics shows that Americans spend 2.73 hours every day watching the TV, while the UK Office for National Statistics places the British average at 2.17 hours.

And what's the most popular show to watch? Game of Thrones was the biggest show of 2016, which is hardly surprising considering both British and American audiences regularly watch TV dramas over any other genre.

In the UK, documentaries and comedy shows are the second and third most popular genre to watch, while in the US comedy and reality shows are tied for second.

  

Americans go to bed earlier

Time to do it all over again.

As reported by Sleep Cycle, the average American bedtime is 11:40 p.m. People stay awake slightly longer in Britain, finally climbing back into bed at 11:57 p.m.