Tugas Akhir Semester Ganjil 2018-2019

Mata Kuliah	: Bahasa Inggris 1
Kelas	: D4 PE 1 A/B, TO 1 A/B
Dikumpulkan	: Sesuai Jadwal UAS Bahasa Inggris 1

I.               Correcting the wrong sentence

Example:

a.       Nuclear technology is an advance development of atomic science. (wrong)

becomes

Nuclear technology is an advanced development of atomic science. (right)

b.      People develops nuclear technology for better living of human being. (wrong)

becomes

People develop nuclear technology for better living of human being. (right)

c.       Nuclear technology has been developed for purpose. (wrong)

becomes

Nuclear technology has been developed for purposes. (right)

You should not change the word with another word. You should pay close attention to the grammar of the sentence only.

Now, correct the sentences of the passage below. The passage is an essay. All sentences in the essay are wrong (17 mistakes). The mistake in every sentence is only one. Find the mistakes in each sentence and correct them. Rewrite the correct sentences in your answer sheet.

Some people suggest that nuclear technology had more positive than negative impacts on the world. In this essay, I will outlining both the advantages and disadvantages of nuclear technology and explain why I disagree that the benefits outweigh the drawbacks.

Looking first at the advantages, some suggested that we currently have world peace due to the threat of nuclear weapons. While it is true that mutually assured destruction prevented a war between the world’s nuclear powers, it is not the case that world peace has been achieved. There are many armed conflict in process around the world at present, and it seems unlikely that they will end any time soon. It is also claimed that nuclear power is cheap and clean energy source. I believed this is simple false. Nuclear power plants are expensive to build and operation, as is processing nuclear waste. We would much better off investing resources into energy production from renewables such as solar, wind and wave energy.

On the other hand, it is clear that disadvantages of nuclear technology are significantly – both in terms of weaponry and as a power source. For nuclear weapons, the disadvantages are obviously. Any use of them would certainly catastrophe for the nation targeted, and could lead to the annihilation of millions around the globe. Nuclear power also has massive downsides, as was see in the past at Chernobyl and more recently at Fukushima. The meltdown of a nuclear reactor, either due to a natural disaster or human error, lead to the surrounding area being radioactive for decades. The clean-up costs are huge, both economically and environmental. In conclusion, due to the serious drawbacks described above, I do not believe that the benefits of nuclear technology can reasonably claimed to outweigh the disadvantages.

II.             Arrange these sentences into a well-ordered essay.

1.      First of all, I believe that job satisfaction gives people a sense of fulfillment that no money can guarantee.

2.     It is often argued that it is more advantageous to choose a job with a high wage, even if it doesn't appeal to you at all. 

3.     For example, a lot of famous researchers made their career choices, not because of appealing wages, but because they were passionate about science.

4.     I completely disagree with this opinion and think that job satisfaction is much more important than salary.

5.      For instance, Henry Miller decided to leave his everyday job despite a good wage and ventured to become a writer. And after enduring years of ups and downs, he became one of the most famous and well-paid authors of the twentieth century.

6.     Secondly, doing what you like keeps you motivated and therefore leads to career growth.

7.      That’s why it’s more important to choose the kind of work that makes you happy than to look only at a high salary.

8.     Even if someone is earning a high salary, but feels tensed and compromises with his conscience, this person won’t enjoy his life. While pursuing one’s interests will always bring pleasure and a feeling of satisfaction.

9.     In other words, there is a strong relationship between job satisfaction and productivity. People who love their jobs can easily excel in their fields of work and achieve better results than those, who put a salary in the first place.

10. To conclude, I strongly believe that job satisfaction is more beneficial than a high salary because it makes people happy and motivated.

11.   Thus, advantages of jobs that keep you satisfied outweigh the drawback of a low salary in a long-term perspective.

LEMBAR JAWABAN TUGAS HARUS DITULIS TANGAN SECARA PERORANGAN

Routine Activities

10 differences and similarities between American and British daily routines

·       Lyndsey Reid

·       Mar. 28, 2018, 6:09 AM

How do the British compare to Americans?

·       Americans have a reputation for working longer hours than almost anyone else.

·       Surveys show that the typical American work day is 8.15 hours, compared to 7.42 for British people.

·       We analyzed the daily routines of American and British people to see how different they really are.

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The daily grind is the same for most people. We wake up, go to work, come home.

But when it comes to the intricacies of daily life, have you ever stopped to think about how your daily routine compares with others around the globe and just how much culture influences your behavior?

Business Insider took a deep dive into the daily routines of American and British people to discover just how unique our approaches to work, life, and health really are.

Here's a taste of what the average day looks like on both sides of the pond:

Americans wake up earlier than British people

A report by Sleep Cycle found that the average wake-up time in America is 7:08 a.m.

In Britain, they hit the snooze button for another 27 minutes, finally getting up at 7:35 a.m.

Most of us make time for breakfast — though what we eat differs

Your mother was right — breakfast really is the most important meal of the day. Eating a healthy breakfast has been proven to give you more energy, improve performance, and help with weight control.

According to Harry Balzar, a food industry analyst for market research firm NPD Group, around 80% of Americans eat breakfast before they leave work. In Britain, the figure is slightly higher at 83%.

In the US a study conducted by ABC News found the most popular breakfast cuisineis a bowl of cereal. Hot cereal like oatmeal came second, with bacon and eggs third.

In the UK, a consumer insight report found that a quick slice of toast is the number one option, followed by cereal, then eggs. And of course, it's usually always washed down with a cup of tea.

In the UK, commutes are longer

Even if you love your job, getting there can be a nightmare for many people.

A study by the University of the West of England found that long commutes can have an adverse effect on your wellbeing, reducing job and leisure time satisfaction, increasing strain, and worsening mental health.

Which must mean that American commuters, with an average commute time of 25.4 minutes, are slightly happier than British workers, who face a 29-minute commute each way.

In the US and the UK, 11 a.m. is the sweet spot for productivity

Peak productivity, it seems, happens at the same time during your workday, no matter where you are in the world.

A two-year global study conducted by project management software company Redbooth found that productivity among office workers worldwide is at its highest point at 11 a.m., and plummets completely after 4 p.m.

John Trougakos, an associate professor of organizational behavior at the University of Toronto in Canada, says the reason we're most productive in the morning is down to circadian rhythms, or our internal body clock, which tells our bodies when to get up, eat, and sleep throughout 24-hour cycles.

According to Trougakos, about 75% of people tend to be most mentally alert between 9 a.m and 11 a.m.

And a survey that looked into the the habits of 2,000 UK workers seems to agree with Trougakos' research, showing Tuesday morning as the most productive time for Brits.  

Perhaps it's no surprise that we get the least amount work done on a Friday, with Redbooth's survey showing a 20% drop in productivity across the globe.

Brits are more likely to take a lunch break

Most people who work in an office will, at some point, have eaten their lunch while sitting at their desk.

The "sad desk lunch" is a common occurrence in pretty much every American workplace, where it's estimated that only one in five employees eat lunch away from their desk, in spite of research that suggests taking a midday break is beneficial for productivity and creativity.  

Over in the UK workers are typically legally entitled to at least a 20-minute break away from their workstation, yet 54% of office workers admit to eating lunch in front of their computer.

A survey that looked into the most popular lunchtime food choices found that Brits regularly tuck into soup and sandwiches, while pizza is the common option in the US.

The work day is longer in the US

The average full-time employee in America puts in 8.15 hours a day, as reported in the 2016 American Time Use Survey data from the US Bureau of Labor Statistics.

The average hours of work for full-time employees in the UK is 7.42, according to a report by the UK Office for National Statistics, which looked at data from October to December 2017.  

Happy hour is more popular in the UK

A survey from the temp agency Accountemps found nearly two thirds of workers and 57% of executives think productivity is boosted when coworkers are friends with each other.

While it may not be part of your job description to spend time with your colleagues outside of the office, after-work happy hours are a great way to socialize and build relationships — and it's something that 45% of UK workers do at least once a month.

Sharing a drink with your cubicle buddy isn't quite as popular in the US, with 21% of workers going for a drink with their colleagues.

Brits hit the gym more regularly

Whether you love it or loathe it, there's no denying the health benefits of working out.

Leading an active lifestyle and exercising regularly is one of the most important things you can do for your health, and the US Center for Disease Control guidelines state that we should be aiming for 150 minutes of physical activity every week.

But fitting in regular sweat sessions seems to be tricky for us all, with just one in three Americans and 61% of Brits achieving the recommended amount of physical activity a week.

  

British people also spend more time on leisure activities, too

After a long day at the office, you've earned a bit of downtown to relax and unwind. In the UK, Brits manage to carve out an average of 5.49 hours a day to spend on leisure activities, including watching TV, socializing, sports and hobbies. Americans spend 5.13 hours per day on leisure.

Across the board, the most popular way to relax is by sitting down to enjoy some TV.  The US Bureau of Labor Statistics shows that Americans spend 2.73 hours every day watching the TV, while the UK Office for National Statistics places the British average at 2.17 hours.

And what's the most popular show to watch? Game of Thrones was the biggest show of 2016, which is hardly surprising considering both British and American audiences regularly watch TV dramas over any other genre.

In the UK, documentaries and comedy shows are the second and third most popular genre to watch, while in the US comedy and reality shows are tied for second.

  

Americans go to bed earlier

Time to do it all over again.

As reported by Sleep Cycle, the average American bedtime is 11:40 p.m. People stay awake slightly longer in Britain, finally climbing back into bed at 11:57 p.m.

Writing #2

Describing Graphs

General Instruction:

1. You need to write 3-4 paragraphs and 150 words.
2. Use formal language and don’t use personal opinion. Only write about the facts that you can see in the visual information shown to you. Do not add any background information
3. In the initial paragraph, you need to paraphrase the initial explanation about the graph.. Start the paraphrase with one of the following prompts,
• ‘The table shows/illustrates the trends in .... between .......
• The graph shows......
• The chart shows how the ..... have changed ......
4. Write an overview as your second sentence of your introduction. Look at the beginning and the end of the chart to help determine your overview.
5. Decide if the graph you are describing is a comparison, progression or both. You will need to use the appropriate language for each type. For example, if it is comparative, use ‘the same as’ or if it is progressive, use ‘ a slight increase’.
6. Change noun and adjectives phrases into verbs and adverbs to create a range of expressions, for example ‘a slight increase’ to ‘increase slightly’. Also, try to learn a few different ways to say the same thing so you don’t have to repeat yourself (‘increase’, ‘go up’, ‘rise’). Remember you will be marked on your language range and accuracy.
7. Describe the most general trends in second paragraph, including the most striking characteristics.
8. You need to add linker to help your essay with its cohesion and coherence; in other words, it’s flow. Here are some useful expressions: in addition, furthermore, however, although.
9. In the 3^rd paragraph you need to give a more detailed description. You still need to focus on main trends, but focus more on elements within each part of the graph (For 10 years, there was a gradual upward trend until it peaked at 250units in 2002, followed by a dip.). Add data to support your information.
10. Don’t describe all small details as this creates lists which sound mechanical.
• Instead of writing :It went up by 2% and then dropped up 5%, then rose again for 2 years, and again dropped by 2%.
• Write: It fluctuated between 5% and 2% for the first quarter of the year.
11. You don’t have to write a conclusion, but it makes the writing seem more complete if you do.
12. Don’t forget spelling and punctuation count towards accuracy.

 

Language of Change

As you can see, there are several examples of this in the graph, so it is important to learn how to use these correctly in order to successfully write a description of graphs. Here are some examples:

• gradually increasing
• a slight fall
• kept rising 
• reached a peak
• increased at a steady rate
• fell
• increased sharply
• a low of
• finish at
• stood at
• finishing the period at

You will need to practice this type of language, and also make sure you know a variety of structures to get a better score – if you keep repeating the same kind of phrases this will show you have a more limited range of lexis and grammar.

1.     Pie Chart

To begin, take a look at the pie chart below.

The pie charts show the main reasons for migration to and from the UK in 2007.

Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant.

Write at least 150 words.

Example of Answer

The pie charts illustrate the primary reasons that people came to and left the UK in 2007.  At first glance it is clear that the main factor influencing this decision was employment. 

Having a definite job accounted for 30 per cent of immigration to the UK, and this figure was very similar for emigration, at 29%.  A large number of people, 22%, also emigrated because they were looking for a job, though the proportion of people entering the UK for this purpose was noticeably lower at less than a fifth. 

Another major factor influencing a move to the UK was for formal study, with over a quarter of people immigrating for this reason.  However, interestingly, only a small minority, 4%, left for this.

The proportions of those moving to join a family member were quite similar for immigration and emigration, at 15% and 13% respectively.   Although a significant number of people (32%) gave ‘other’ reasons or did not give a reason why they emigrated, this accounted for only 17% with regards to immigration.

(173 words)

Assignment #1: Describing a pie chart

The pie charts show the electricity generated in Germany and France from all sources and renewables in the year 2009.

Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant.

Write at least 150 words.

2. Bar Chart

Look at the characteristic of the chart –  if you are asked to compare the data as well, so you must also compare the elements where relevant.
You must also group data together to make sure you have a well organized and coherent answer.
To do this, you need to look for similarities and differences when you first analyze the graph for, and decide what can be logically put together or not.
Example:

The bar chart shows the number of times per week (in 1000s), over five weeks, that three computer packages were downloaded from the internet.

Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant.

Write at least 150 words.

Example of Answer
The bar chart illustrates the download rate per week of ActiveX, Java and Net computer packages over a period of five weeks. It can clearly be seen that ActiveX was the most popular computer package to download, whilst Net was the least popular of the three.
To begin, downloads of ActiveX and Java showed similar patterns, with both gradually increasing from week 1 to week 5. However, the purchases of Active X remained significantly higher than for the other product over this time frame. In week 1, purchases of ActiveX stood at around 75,000, while those for Java were about 30,000 lower. With the exception of a slight fall in week 4, downloading of ActiveX kept increasing until it reached a peak in the final week of just over 120,000. Java downloads also increased at a steady rate, finishing the period at 80,000.
The product that was downloaded the least was Net. This began at slightly under 40,000, and, in contrast to the other two products, fell over the next two weeks to reach a low of approximately 25,000. It then increased sharply over the following two weeks to finish at about 50,000, which was well below that of ActiveX.

(Words 198)

Assignment #2: Describing a bar chart

Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information in the graph below.

Write at least 150 words.

Items to learn:

1.     Finding and understanding information provided by graphs

2.     Understanding how to elaborate information

Indicator of completion:

1.     Able to identify characteristics of the phenomena.

2.     Able to make sentences describing the phenomena.

3.     Able to make write a short essay.

Benchmarking:

1.   1.   Write a report of a graph (if you have accomplished assignment #1 and #2, you can choose one of them) with minor grammatical mistakes (less than 3 items of mistake in an essay).

2.     2. Present the report orally.